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MIG and MPS Conflict

MIG (Multi-Instance GPU) and MPS (Multi-Process Service) both partition GPU resources, causing conflicts when used together.

Quick answer

MIG (Multi-Instance GPU) and MPS (Multi-Process Service) both partition GPU resources, causing conflicts when used together.

Infrastructure#mig#mps#gpu-sharing#multi-tenant#infrastructure

What this failure is

MIG and MPS Conflict is a Infrastructure failure seen during ML training runs. MIG (Multi-Instance GPU) and MPS (Multi-Process Service) both partition GPU resources, causing conflicts when used together. Common tags: Mig, Mps, Gpu Sharing, Multi Tenant.

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Why it happens (the mechanism)

MIG and MPS are mutually exclusive on same GPU. MIG requires A100/H100, MPS works on most. MIG creates hard partitions, MPS shares. MIG configured per-GPU, MPS per-GPU. Taken together, these mechanisms explain why the failure is reproducible, why it tends to surface on specific workloads or scales, and why generic mitigation attempts often fall short without addressing the underlying cause.

What you'll observe

  • MIG and MPS conflict
  • CUDA cannot allocate memory
  • MPS server fails to start with MIG

Common symptoms and what they mean

SymptomWhy it happens
MPS not allowed with MIG instancesMIG and MPS are mutually exclusive on same GPU
CUDA_MPS_ACTIVE_THREAD_PERCENTAGE not workingMIG requires A100/H100, MPS works on most
nvidia-cuda-mps-control failsMIG creates hard partitions, MPS shares

Which systems are affected

  • Multi-tenant GPU sharing
  • GPU partitioning for multiple users
  • High-density GPU clusters

How to confirm this is the problem

Use this checklist to test the hypothesis against a small reproduction. No single line proves the root cause, so preserve the preceding events and compare one variable at a time.

  • ✓Reproduce the failure from a clean checkpoint/seed: the symptom must appear without warm-up state from a previous run.
  • ✓Verified signal present: MPS not allowed with MIG instances
  • ✓Verified signal present: CUDA_MPS_ACTIVE_THREAD_PERCENTAGE not working
  • ✓Verified signal present: nvidia-cuda-mps-control fails
  • ✓A targeted fix from the "How to fix it" section eliminates or substantially reduces the symptom within one validation pass.

The fix and the prevention pattern

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Related failures to investigate next

Lambda Bgp Route Withdrawal Region Outage often co-occurs with this failure because both share underlying assumptions about infrastructure; if you fix this entry but still see drift, validate the related primary cause next. lambda bgp route withdrawal region outage →
Kubernetes Gpu Pod Pending often co-occurs with this failure because both share underlying assumptions about infrastructure; if you fix this entry but still see drift, validate the related neighboring cause next. kubernetes gpu pod pending →
Slurm Node Oom often co-occurs with this failure because both share underlying assumptions about infrastructure; if you fix this entry but still see drift, validate the related neighboring cause next. slurm node oom →

Root cause

  • MIG and MPS are mutually exclusive on same GPU
  • MIG requires A100/H100, MPS works on most
  • MIG creates hard partitions, MPS shares
  • MIG configured per-GPU, MPS per-GPU

The fix and how to prevent it

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References

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